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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes. PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis of higher organisms.
== Nomenclature and tissue distribution ==
Three types of PPARs have been identified: alpha, gamma, and delta (beta):〔
* α (alpha) - expressed in liver, kidney, heart, muscle, adipose tissue, and others
* β/δ (beta/delta) - expressed in many tissues but markedly in brain, adipose tissue, and skin
* γ (gamma) - although transcribed by the same gene, this PPAR through alternative splicing is expressed in three forms:
*
* γ1 - expressed in virtually all tissues, including heart, muscle, colon, kidney, pancreas, and spleen
*
* γ2 - expressed mainly in adipose tissue (30 amino acids longer)
*
* γ3 - expressed in macrophages, large intestine, white adipose tissue.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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